Loading “image-name.bin” …image-name.bin: permission denied – Error loading “image-name.bin” Fix

This past week I learned a valuable lesson about upgrading the IOS to a newer version on a cisco switch. Always specify the location (flash: in my case) of the image before the image name when using the boot system imagename command.

For some reason I entered the command boot system c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-6.EA2c.bin into the configuration for the switch I was upgrading to a new version of the IOS I had just copied over, forgetting the location of the image, in this case flash:. I then saved the configuration and rebooted the switch, which of course failed to come back up. When I consoled into the switch I was presented with the following error message upon reboot:

Loading “c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-6.EA2c.bin”…c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-6.EA2c.bin: permission denied

Error loading “c2950-i6q4l2-mz.121-6.EA2c.bin”

Interrupt within 5 seconds to abort boot process.

Boot process failed…

The system is unable to boot automatically.  The BOOT

environment variable needs to be set to a bootable

image.

switch:

 

To correct the problem you need to enter the boot flash:image-name.bin  (substituting image-name with the actual name of the IOS file you wish to boot to) while in rommon and the switch will reload into the IOS image you specify. If you are unsure of the name of the image you need to boot into simply issue a dir flash: command while in rommon, this will give you a list of all the files located in flash.

Once back into the IOS, login and enter exec mode command boot system flash:image-name.bin, again substituting image-name with the name of the IOS file in flash you want to use. Save the config and you are good to go.

A Guide to studying for and passing the CCNA Exam.

Since passing the CCNA exam last year I am frequently asked what resources and study methods I used to pass the exam. So a couple of days ago I sat down and began compiling a guide using the methods that I used to pass the ICND1 and ICND2 exams. I am planning on this being a living document to be updated and sorted for ease of use.

Recommended CCNA Exam Resources:

-CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Cert Guide – Odom

-CCNA ICND2 Official Exam Cert Guide – Odom

-Boson Practice Exam Environment – included with Odom books

-CBTnuggets.com

-Cisco Packet Tracer

-Experienced Network Engineer Mentor

-The Cisco Learning Network – CCNA

-Create your own mental subnet calculator

I passed the ICND1 exam and ICND2 exam last year and found the ICND1 exam to be easier than the ICND2 exam. That being said it could have been because I spent less time studying for the ICND2 exam. Looking back I would recommend spending more time on the ICND2 exam than the ICND1 exam given the sheet amount of new concepts it covers.

I would start with CBT Nuggets, it really helps you get excited about the exams and used to the material. Plus Jeremy really helps translate the information you will learn into practical everyday uses.

I read both books twice, the second time taking notes in a physical notebook. This is extremely time consuming but it really helps you pick up the small things you missed the first time around. The trick is to write down all the small details about everything, these are the things you will get hung up on in the exams. By the end of my ICND2 studying I ended up with 140 pages of hand written notes. Also, the book does not cover everything on the exam so I recommend finding a mentor who has taken the exams before that you can bounce questions off of. My mentor especially enjoyed this process as it made him think about and recall things he had not thought about in a while. If you do not have a mentor available you may want to look into picking up another CCNA study book.

Cisco Packet tracer is a router and switch simulator that is totally sufficient for the ICND1 and ICND2 exams as long as you know how to use it. Fortunately, there are a multitude of videos on youtube on how to setup things like frame relay that are not necessarily clear.

It took me a total of 7 months to pass both the ICND1 and ICND2 exams with a one week break between the exams. I would study during my lunch breaks and at night on weekdays and roughly 4 hours a day during the weekends. Two weeks out from the exam I studied every available waking minute. If you are working full time always schedule the exam for a Monday morning, which will give you the entire weekend to cram your head full of the small details. For the ICND2 I woke up early on Monday and ran through the practice exam questions that came with the book just to get into the right frame of mind for answering the actual questions during the exam.

As soon as you start taking the exam brain dump the numbers needed for your mental subnet calculator to the dry erase board given to you. After that take a deep breath and don’t stress out. Take your time but don’t go too slowly through the questions and remember that you cannot go back. Make sure you read the questions and all answers through at least twice and double check your answer selection before hitting next. If you get hung up on a multiple guess question, move on you, will want all the time you can for the simulation questions.

Some people may say this is overkill, but I know I am not the world’s best test taker and I wanted the information to stick well beyond the test date. In the end I posted very high scores on each exam which adds an additional bit of satisfaction to passing each exam.

After you pass the ICND1 exam, frame your certification and hang it above your desk. Every time you see your CCENT certification you will be remind of your success and it will give you a goal of replacing it with the full CCNA certification.

Good luck and enjoy the studying!

Configuring SSH on your Cisco Router

Here are the basic steps to configure SSH on your Cisco Router including a few optional steps.

Router>enable
Password:
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname Rt1Lab
Rt1Lab(config)#ip domain-name lab.local
Rt1Lab(config)#crypto key generate rsa
The name for the keys will be: Rt1Lab.lab.local
Choose the size of the key modulus in the range of 360 to 2048 for your
General Purpose Keys. Choosing a key modulus greater than 512 may take
a few minutes.

How many bits in the modulus [512]: 1024
% Generating 1024 bit RSA keys, keys will be non-exportable…[OK]
Rt1Lab(config)#ip ssh authentication-retries 3 (optional, sets the number of bad login retries before disconnection)
Rt1Lab(config)#ip ssh time-out 60 (optional, sets the negotiation time in seconds which includes the time you have to enter the username and password at the login prompt before you get disconnected)
Rt1Lab(config)#username fred password cisco
Rt1Lab(config)#line vty 0 4
Rt1Lab(config-line)#transport input ssh
Rt1Lab(config-line)#login local
Rt1Lab(config-line)#exec-timeout 30 (optional, sets the idle time before disconnect from the VTY lines)
Rt1Lab(config-line)#end

Hide your routers and switches, I am CCNA certified!

Despite a tornado drill mid-test, here it is:

…and boom goes the dynamite!

Creating your own mental subnet calculator

Simply a must learn for any CCNA candidate. When time is your enemy on the exam this method is your best friend:

http://www.cisco.com/web/learning/le31/le46/cln/clp/fastlane/Subnet_Calculator/index2.htm

Nearing test time.

I am nearing the end of the ICND2 book for the second time around which means it will be time shortly to take the ICND2 final CCNA test.

Things to do yet:

Finish Chapter 16 and 17 of the official exam cert guide.

Review notes (all 100+ pages).

Run through practice questions again.

 

I’m thinking early October?

 

Btw, I am a new dad again, thanks to my wife for delivering such a beautiful baby boy on August 30th.

I mean seriously, how cute is he? hat and all.

Bucket List

I know I’m young, but I think everyone should have a bucket list.

Here is what I have so far:

Go Skydiving x2
Visit Hawaii
Take My Kids to Disney World
Visit Legoland
Have a sandwich named after me in a local deli
Bike in the RAGBRAI

Visit New York City
Visit Las Vegas
Go Whitewater Rafting Again
Go Alpine Sliding Again
Visit Germany During Oktoberfest -Kids +old friends

 

Specific topics to review before Monday’s Exam (update)

I am going through the Boson ICND2 practice exam questions and marking sections I failed to answer questions correctly for follow up. Here is what we have so far:

Chapter 2: Spanning Tree: Root Bridge, Root Port and Designated Port Elections.

Chapter 10: EIGRP Metric, Successors, and Feasible Successors.

update: rescheduled for sometime in September after Straatsma baby 2.0 is born.

Information to review

I don’t know about you but when I am learning concepts for the first time, the general idea seems to stick but no necessarily the specific details. I typically like to cover these details in-depth over the weekend right before the test. So here is my current list of topics I want to review with a fine toothed comb.

OSPF route summarization

EIGRP route summarization (auto?)

Troubleshooting IP routing

Troubleshooting routing protocols

Frame-relay configuration

Network address Translation

IPv6

(update: all sections completed)

ICND2 Studying Continues and exam date set

I’ve completed the CBTnuggets.com training section twice now and and past halfway in the Wendell Odom ICND2 cert book and I am feeling really good about the materials covered so far. I have the same sense of clarity with the topics fully covered in the book so far (vlans, stp, vtp, vlsm, access-control lists and route/switch trouble-shooting) as I did before taking (and passing) the last certification. I scheduled the test for August 8th which leaves me just under two weeks to go and a bunch of topics to fully cover, including OSPF, EIGRP, point to point link, frame-relay, VPNs and ipv6 plus my final prep.